Basalt Fountains

On June 8, 1783, a crack with 130 craters opened explosively because of groundwater interacting with the magma of basalt rising. For some days the eruption becomes less explosive, Strombolian, and later to Hawaii in character, with high rates of lava effusion. This event is classified at level 6 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index, but emissions of sulfur gases from eight months resulted in one of the most significant social disruption and climate of the last millennium [6].

The eruption, also known as Skafta¡reldar (Skafta¡ Fire ") or Sa­a°ueldur, produces about 14 km3 (3.4 km ³) of basalt lava, and the total volume of ejecta of 0.91 km3 (0, 2 km ³) [1]. Lava fountains were estimated to have reached heights of 800-1400 m (~ 2.600 to 4.600 m). In Britain, the summer of 1783 was known as the "sand in the summer" due to ash fallout. [7] The gases were carried by the convective eruption column to a height of about 15 kilometers (10 miles)..

The eruption continued until 7 February 1784, but most of the lava was ejected in the first five months. Gra­msva¶tn volcano, where the Laki fissure, was also erupting at the time from 1783 until 1785. The outpouring of gases, including 8 million tons of hydrogen fluoride and 120 million tons of sulfur dioxide, gave birth to what has been

This is the Laki volcanic system, Iceland.
Nearly a year of constant eruptions, volcanic dust created a haze which has caused massive food shortages.
Iceland suffered 9,350 deaths mainly due to starvation.

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